IB Biology HL - 2024 - Mock Exams
Mock Exam Set 1 - Paper 1
Trial Examinations for IB Biology HL - 2024
Paper 1
40 Questions
60 mins
40 marks
Paper
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Question 1
The giant algae Acetabularia can be a model organism for studying the biology of a plant cell. Which characteristics of Acetabularia make it a good model organism?
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A. Both, Acetabularia cells and plant cells, do not have a cell wall.
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B. Acetabularia is composed of one large cell.
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C. Acetabularia is composed of many large cells.
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D. Acetabularia contains a pigment which makes its structures easily visualised.
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Question 2
The important properties of animal cell membranes are fluidity and permeability. Which molecule is responsible for ensuring the membrane’s fluidity?
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A. Cholesterol
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B. Integral Membrane Proteins
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C. Glycolipids
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D. Peripheral Membrane Proteins
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Question 3
When is the concentration of cyclin E the highest during the cell cycle ?
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Question 4
Which of the structures A-D represents the -R group in the molecule below?
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A. | B. | |||
C. | D. | |||
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Question 5
Which of the following statements about lipids is true?
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A. It is advisable to add trans fats to one’s diet.
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B. There is a carbon-carbon triple bond in monounsaturated fats.
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C. Polyunsaturated fats are made up of carbon-carbon single bonds to keep them in a liquid state.
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D. Saturated fats are made up of carbon-carbon single bonds.
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Question 6
What is the substrate for the enzyme lactase?
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A. Glucose
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B. Galactose
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C. Lactose
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D. Fructose
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Question 7
Which substance would need the greatest amount of energy to raise its temperature?
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- A. Air
- B. Methanol
- C. Water
- D. Coconut oil
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Question 8
Which of the following statements is false regarding translation?
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A. Translation needs mRNA, which carries genetic information in the form of codons.
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B. The process of translation starts with the start codon AUG.
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C. Translation takes place in the nucleus.
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D. tRNAs contain anticodons which are complementary to the mRNA’s codons.
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Question 9
The graph shows the amount of oxygen inside a chamber containing yeast cells and substrates as measured by an oxygen sensor. The experimental investigation compared the rate of oxygen consumption during aerobic respiration by the yeast cells using three different substrates: sucrose, fructose and glucose.
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What can be concluded from the graph?
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A. The hydrolysis of sucrose forms glucose and fructose
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B. The breakdown of glucose and fructose is much slower than sucrose
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C. The rate of cellular respiration decreases the more complex the substrate
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D. The cumulative amount of oxygen consumed by the yeast cells increases over time
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Question 10
The image shows an abnormal human karyotype.
[Source: Adapted from Wessex Reg. Genetics Centre. (n.d.) Down syndrome human karyotype 47,XY. Retrieved March 29, 2022, from https://wellcomecollection.org/works/wmcdanw6. Copyright under CC BY 4.0]
What is the abnormality in this karyotype and its cause?
Abnormality | Possible Cause | |
---|---|---|
A. | X and Y chromosomes are different in size | Non-disjunction in anaphase I or II |
B. | X and Y chromosomes are different in size | Crossing-over in prophase I |
C. | 3 copies of Chromosome 21 | Non-disjunction in anaphase I or II |
D. | 3 copies of Chromosome 21 | Crossing-over in prophase I |
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Question 11
A biological male with haemophilia and a biological female without haemophilia have a daughter without haemophilia. What are the possible genotypes of the daughter?
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I. XHXH II. XHXh III. XhXh
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A. I only
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B. II only
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C. II and III only
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D. I, II and III
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Question 12
The diagram shows a DNA profile of a child and the profiles of three potential pairs of parents. Which pair(s) could be the actual parents of the child?
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A. Parents X only
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B. Parents Y only
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C. Parents Y and Z only
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D. Parents X and Z only
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Question 13
The micrographs show four phases of meiosis I in a plant. In what order do these phases occur?
[Source: Adapted from Windham, M. D., Pryer, K. M., Poindexter, D. B., Li, F.-W., Rothfels, C. J., and Beck, J. B. (2020). A step-by-step protocol for meiotic chromosome counts in flowering plants: A powerful and economical technique revisited. Retrieved January 4, 2023, from Applications in Plant Sciences 8( 4): e11342. © 2020, Windham et al. Licensed under CC BY 4.0]
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A. X-Y-W-Z
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B. W-Z-X-Y
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C. Y-X-W-Z
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D. Z-W-X-Y
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Question 14
Chytrids are unicellular organisms that feed on pollen through extracellular secretion of digestive enzymes and absorption of the breakdown products. Which statement describes the nutritional mode of this organism?
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A. Autotrophic producer
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B. Autotrophic consumer
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C. Heterotrophic detritivore
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D. Heterotrophic saprotroph
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Question 15
The illustration shows a rice cultivation system that eliminates the need for fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides by raising ducks in rice paddies. Additionally, Azolla, an aquatic floating fern, is grown in these fields because they harbour blue-green algae that fixes N. This system produces duck, fish and rice for human consumption.
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What would be a possible food chain for the rice cultivation system shown in the image?
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A. algae fish duck human
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B. algae fish duck human
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C. insects algae duck human
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D. insects algae duck human
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Question 16
Which process is most likely responsible for the origin of mitochondria as a eukaryotic cell organelle?
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A. Osmosis
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B. Exocytosis
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C. Apoptosis
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D. Endocytosis
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Question 17
Which characteristics of carbon dioxide make it a greenhouse gas of concern?
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A. Absorbs long wave radiation and has a significant concentration in the atmosphere.
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B. Emits shortwave radiation and has a significant concentration in the atmosphere.
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C. Absorbs shortwave radiation and has a high stability.
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D. Blocks infrared radiation and has a high stability.
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Question 18
A population of plants with no resistance to herbivores may develop into a population of plants that secrete a compound toxic to herbivores. How could this change occur?
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A. The gene for the toxic compound was inherited from an ancestor of the plant population.
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B. A mutation during DNA replication, prior to meiosis, resulted in a DNA sequence that codes for the compound.
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C. The enzyme needed to produce the compound was transferred by a plant from another population.
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D. Individuals in the plant population mutated in response to the pressure from herbivores.
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Question 19
The phylogenetic tree below shows relationships among species in four phyla of land plants.
[Source: Adapted from Sousa, F., Civáň, P., Foster, P.G., and J. Cymon. (July, 2020). The Chloroplast Land Plant Phylogeny: Analyses Employing Better-Fitting Tree- and Site-Heterogeneous Composition Models. Front. Plant Sci. 11:1062. Retrieved January 4, 2023 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343263276_The_Chloroplast_Land_Plant_Phylogeny_Analyses_Employing_Better-Fitting_Tree-and_Site-_Heterogeneous_Composition_Models. Copyright under CC BY 4.0]
The divisions of land plants have important differences. Which of these phyla produce seeds?
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A. Angiospermophyta only
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B. Coniferophyta and angiospermophyta
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C. Bryophyta only
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D. Bryophyta and filicinophyta
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Question 20
What helps prevent the backflow of blood in a vein?
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A. Relaxation of skeletal muscles
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B. Venous valves
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C. Relaxation of the heart
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D. Thin vessel walls
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Question 21
Which of the following is associated with non-specific immunity?
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A. Lymphocytes
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B. Antibodies
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C. Memory cells
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D. Mucus
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Question 22
Which row in the table below correctly outlines the sequence of events for the digestion and absorption of starch products?
I | II | III | IV | |
---|---|---|---|---|
A. | Maltase breaks 1,4 bonds | Amylase breaks 1,6 bonds | The majority of glucose is absorbed by active transport | Glucose is transported to the liver in the hepatic artery |
B. | Amylase breaks 1,4 bonds | Maltase and dextrinase digest maltose and dextrins | The majority of glucose is absorbed by co-transport | Glucose is transported to the liver in the hepatic portal vein |
C. | Amylase breaks 1,4 bonds | Maltase and dextrinase digest maltose and dextrins | The majority of glucose is absorbed by active transport | Glucose is transported to the liver in the hepatic portal vein |
D. | Maltase breaks 1,4 bonds | Amylase breaks 1,6 bonds | The majority of glucose is absorbed by co-transport | Glucose is transported to the liver by the hepatic artery |
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Question 23
Which of the following is not an example of speciation?
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A. Evolution of different beak shapes in finches (C. olivacea)
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B. Breeding varieties of green apples (M. domestica) with desirable characteristics
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C. Squirrels on the North and South rims of the grand canyon, who cannot interbreed
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D. Buffalo grass (B. dactyloides) is able to grow in polluted soil but other species of grass cannot
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Question 24
The diagram shows a process that occurs in the membranes of neurons during a stage of the action potential. What process does the diagram depict?
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A. Open sodium channels initiating depolarisation.
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B. The sodium/potassium pump initiating depolarisation.
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C. Open sodium channels restoring the resting potential.
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D. The sodium/potassium pump restoring the resting potential.
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Question 25
The diagram shows a frontal view of the female reproductive organs.
[Source: Adapted from Servier Medical Art. (2013, September 10). Servier Medical Art. Flickr. Retrieved January 4, 2023 from https://www.flickr.com/photos/serviermedicalart/9714261259/in/photolist-fNq8r6. Copyright under CC BY 2.0]
What structures are labeled by the numbers 1, 2, and 3?
1 | 2 | 3 | |
---|---|---|---|
A. | ovary | uterus | cervix |
B. | fallopian tube | uterus | vagina |
C. | ovary | cervix | vagina |
D. | fallopian tube | cervix | cervix |
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Question 26
Hershey and Chase conducted experiments using the radioactive isotopes 35S and 32P which demonstrated that DNA is the genetic material. What would they have observed about the distribution of isotopes in the centrifuged sample if protein, rather than DNA, were the genetic material?
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A. High proportion of 35S in the bacterial pellet relative to the supernatant.
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B. High proportion of 32P in the bacterial pellet relative to the supernatant.
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C. High proportion of both 35S and 32P in the bacterial pellet relative to the supernatant.
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D. Low proportion of both 35S and 32P in the bacterial pellet relative to the supernatant.
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Question 27
Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number of mRNA transcripts than the number of genes in its genome?
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A. Some mRNA transcripts are double-stranded.
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B. There are genes that produce multiple different mRNA transcripts.
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C. Not all mRNA transcripts are produced by genes.
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D. Some mRNA transcripts are produced by other mRNA transcripts.
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Question 28
Which characteristics distinguish between an alpha helix and a beta-pleated sheet?
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I. The positions of hydrogen bonds between different amino acids II. The location of hydrophobic interactions between nonpolar R groups III. The positions of disulfide bridges between cysteine residues
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A. I only
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B. I and II only
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C. II and III only
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D. I, II, and III
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Question 29
The diagram shows the pathway that converts threonine to isoleucine.
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What is the name and mechanism of the process through which isoleucine interacts with threonine dehydratase?
Name | Mechanism | |
---|---|---|
A. | Competitive inhibition | Isoleucine binds to the active site on the enzyme. |
B. | Competitive inhibition | Isoleucine binds to an allosteric site on the enzyme. |
C. | End-product inhibition | Isoleucine binds to the active site on the enzyme. |
D. | End-product inhibition | Isoleucine binds to an allosteric site on the enzyme. |
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Question 30
A mitochondrion is shown in the diagram. Which letter indicates the site where protons accumulate prior to the formation of ATP?
[Source: Adapted from Skuratovskaia, D., Komar, A., Vulf, M., & Litvinova, L. (2020). Mitochondrial destiny in type 2 diabetes: the effects of oxidative stress on the dynamics and biogenesis of mitochondria. PeerJ 8. Retrieved March 2, 2022, from https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9741. Copyright under CC BY 4.0]
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Question 31
In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulose bisphosphate undergo carboxylation?
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A. Thylakoid space
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B. Stroma
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C. Thylakoid membrane
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D. Chloroplast membrane
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Question 32
The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radioactively labelled carbon dioxide (14CO) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.
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Which conclusion could be supported by these results?
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A. All colonies received an equal amount of sap.
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B. All colonies were equally spaced along the stem of the plant.
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C. Colony 1 fed on the sap more quickly than other colonies.
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D. Colony 1 was located closest to the leaves.
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Question 33
Plant shoots detect and respond to light. What plant protein detects light, and what mechanism initiates the response?
Protein | Mechanism | |
---|---|---|
A. | Auxin | Triggers movement of phototropins |
B. | Auxin | Inhibits cell elongation |
C. | Phototropins | Triggers movement of auxin |
D. | Phototropins | Stimulates cell elongation |
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Question 34
What causes flowering?
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A. Differentiation in the lateral meristem
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B. Changes in gene expression in the apical meristem
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C. Stimulation of phototropins
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D. Gene mutation in the apical meristem
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Question 35
The diagram shows gametes produced from two homologous chromosomes.
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What single crossover event could have occurred to produce the gametes?
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I. Crossover between Gene A and B II. Crossover between Gene B and C III. Crossover between Gene C and D
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A. I only
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B. II only
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C. I and II only
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D. II and III only
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Question 36
A dihybrid cross was carried out between two sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus) to see if the genes for seed number and seed shape are linked. The critical value for the chi-squared test at the 0.05 significance level was 7.82. The calculated value for the chi-squared test was 10.05; what does this indicate?
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A. The null hypothesis can be rejected and the genes are linked
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B. The null hypothesis can be accepted and the genes are unlinked
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C. The alternative hypothesis can be rejected and the genes are linked
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D. The alternative hypothesis can be accepted and the genes are unlinked
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Question 37
In blood donation, an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction occurs when red blood cells are attacked by the recipient’s immune system. Which property of red blood cells explains this response?
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A. B cells recognize all red blood cells as foreign.
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B. Foreign red blood cells have surface antibodies that interact with T cells.
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C. Foreign red blood cells have surface antigens that stimulate antibody production.
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D. Antibodies are unable to bind to foreign red blood cells.
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Question 38
Which statement(s) are true for ATP hydrolysis during muscle contraction?
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I. ATP is hydrolysed by the sarcoplasmic reticulum II. ATP hydrolysis causes myosin heads to move into the ready position III. ATP hydrolysis causes the cross-bridges to break
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A. I, II and III
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B. I only
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C. II only
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D. III only
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Question 39
Which letter indicates the part of the nephron that is impermeable to salts and plays a role in increasing filtrate solute concentration to 200 - 300% relative to normal blood solute concentration?
[Source: Adapted from Servier Medical Art. (n.d). Nephron. Smart servier medical art. Retrieved March 3, 2022, from https://smart.servier.com/smart_image/nephron-3/. Copyright under CC BY 3.0]
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Question 40
Which hormone is released by an embryo early in pregnancy in order to stimulate the ovary to secrete progesterone?
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A. LH
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B. Estrogen
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C. hCG
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D. FSH
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