IB Biology HL - 2024 - Questionbank
1.5 - The Origin of Cells
Origin of Cells, Universal code, Endosymbiotic theory, Pasteur and Spontaneous Generation
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Question 1
Which statement(s) about the endosymbiotic theory is/are true?
- I. It provides evidence for the origin of prokaryotes.
- II. It provides evidence for the origin of eukaryotes.
- III. It provides evidence for spontaneous generation.
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A. II only
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B. I only
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C. II and III only
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D. I, II and III
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Question 2
What provides evidence that all life on Earth evolved from the same population of cells?
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A. Eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells.
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B. Both mitochondria and prokaryotes have a cell wall.
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C. Both eukaryotes and bacteria contain histones.
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D. The genetic code is universal.
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Question 3
Whose experiments disproved spontaneous generation?
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A. Miller and Urey
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B. Louis Pasteur
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C. Rosalind Franklin
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D. Meselson and Stahl
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Question 4
Which statement(s) is/are a necessary requirement for the evolution of the first cells?
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I. DNA having the ability to catalyse reactions II. Polymerisation of carbon compounds III. Spontaneous formation of vesicles
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A. I and II only
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B. II and III only
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C. I and III only
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D. I, II and III
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Question 5
[Maximum mark: 3]
The diagram below shows the apparatus used in the experiments conducted by Miller and Urey.
[Source: Carny. (2008, February 4). File: Miller-Urey Experiment-EN.SVG. Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved May 20, 2022, from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: Miller-Urey_experiment-en.svg. Copyright free]
Describe how this experiment showed that the origin of life was possible on early Earth. [3]
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Question 6
Which statement provides evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?
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A. Phospholipids readily form bilayers.
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B. Chloroplasts possess a double membrane.
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C. RNA is self-replicating.
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D. Mitochondria possess a single membrane.
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Question 7
What feature of chloroplasts provides evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?
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A. They have their own nucleus.
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B. They have a single membrane.
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C. They contain 70S ribosomes.
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D. They contain a thylakoid membrane.
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Question 8
Which process is most likely responsible for the origin of mitochondria as a eukaryotic cell organelle?
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A. Osmosis
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B. Exocytosis
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C. Apoptosis
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D. Endocytosis
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Question 9
[Maximum mark: 10]
Researchers carried out a similar experiment to Louis Pasteur’s famous experiment disproving spontaneous generation, using the set up below at 30°C.
[© Revision Village 2023. Created with Chemix (https://chemix.org)]
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Outline the theory of spontaneous generation. [1]
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State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment. [2]
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Explain why it is important to have controlled variables in this study. [1]
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State the letters of three flasks which would show signs of decomposition of broth. [1]
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Explain your answer to part (i). [3]
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Suggest, with reasons, how the results of the study would differ if the flasks were incubated at 4°C. [2]
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Question 10
[Maximum mark: 7]
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- Identify an organelle visible in the figure below whose structure provides evidence for the endosymbiotic theory. [1]
[Source: Adapted from Itayba, Hebrew Wikipedia. (2016, March 1). Category: Electron Microscope Images. Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved May 19, 2022, from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: Electron_microscopy.jpg. Copyright under CC-SA 3.0]
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Label with the letter S an example of the organelle that you named in part (i). [1]
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Describe three features of the organelle named in part (i) that support the endosymbiotic theory. [3]
- Identify an organelle visible in the figure below whose structure provides evidence for the endosymbiotic theory. [1]
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Compare and contrast the structure of a mitochondrion and typical prokaryote. [2]
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Question 11
Which statements about chloroplasts and mitochondria support the endosymbiotic theory?
Chloroplasts | Mitochondria | |
---|---|---|
A. | Contain 70S ribosomes | Contain cristae |
B. | Found in prokaryotes | Contain 80S ribosomes |
C. | Have a single membrane | Contain circular DNA |
D. | Contain 70S ribosomes | Have a double membrane |
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Question 12
Louis Pasteur's famous experiments disproving spontaneous generation were replicated by placing broth into various flasks.
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Which two flasks would show the presence of microorganisms in the results?
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A. R and S
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B. S and Q
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C. Q and R
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D. P and Q
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Question 13
The base sequence between two species was found to be 78% the same, while the order of amino acids found in the same cell types between two species was 82% the same. What may be the reason for this?
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A. The genetic code is degenerate.
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B. Mutations occur more frequently in DNA that codes for proteins.
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C. Techniques used to analyse base sequences of DNA are less reliable.
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D. The genetic code is universal.
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Question 14
[Maximum mark: 16]
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Outline the role of auxin in positive phototropism. [3]
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Explain the evidence that supports the theory that eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells. [5]
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Explain how the products of the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis are used in the light-independent stage to convert carbon dioxide into organic substances. [7]
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Question 15
[Maximum mark: 16]
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Draw and label a structure of a mitochondrion. [3]
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Explain how Louis Pasteur's experiments disproved the theory of spontaneous generation. [5]
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Describe the evidence for the endosymbiotic theory. [7]
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Question 16
Which statement applies to both mitochondria and prokaryotes?
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A. They both contain DNA.
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B. They both have flagella.
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C. They both contain lysosomes.
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D. They both have a cell wall.
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Question 17
Which characteristic is not true for both mitochondria and chloroplasts?
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A. They are present in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
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B. They are both able to self replicate.
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C. They are both able to synthesise proteins.
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D. They both contain circular DNA.
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Question 18
The electron micrograph shows an animal cell.
[Source: Adapted from Itayba, Hebrew Wikipedia. (2016, March 1). Category: Electron Microscope Images. Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved May 19, 2022, from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: Electron_microscopy.jpg. Copyright under CC-SA 3.0]
Which organelle's origin is due to the endosymbiosis of ancient cells?
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Question 19
Which organism contains DNA in exactly two different organelles?
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A. A tree
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B. A mushroom
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C. An Archaeon
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D. A seaweed
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