IB Physics SL - 2024 - Questionbank
2.1 - Motion
Displacement, Velocity, Acceleration, Uniform Acceleration Equations, Projectile Motion, Air Resistance
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Question 1
The diagram below shows a car of mass m descending a slope. The car, initially at rest, covers a distance of in .
The magnitude of the acceleration is given by
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A. 3.0
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B. 6.0
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C. 9.0
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D. 81
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Question 2
An object moves at constant velocity for a period of time, after which it undergoes uniform deceleration until it comes to rest. A velocity-time graph is plotted for this motion. On the graph, which of the following would represent the displacement of the object?
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A. Gradient of the line connecting the initial and final velocities.
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B. x-intercept
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C. y-intercept
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D. Area under the graph
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Question 3
A ball rolls horizontally off the edge of the top of a cliff. It hits the ground at a distance 2.0 from the base of the cliff with a vertical speed of 20 . What is the height of the cliff?
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A. 20 m
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B. 40 m
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C. 60 m
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D. 80 m
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Question 4
A basketball is launched at an angle and undergoes projectile motion. Air resistance is negligible. Which of the following is correct for the direction of its velocity vector and its acceleration vector at the highest point of its trajectory?
Direction of velocity vector | Direction of acceleration vector | |
---|---|---|
A. | horizontal | no acceleration |
B. | no velocity | no acceleration |
C. | no velocity | downward |
D. | horizontal | downward |
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Question 5
A coin is tossed vertically upwards from an original height of above the ground. What is the maximum height reached above the ground if the coin was projected with an initial velocity of 3.0 ? (Take )
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A.
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B.
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C.
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D.
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Question 6
The take off speed of a passenger aircraft is 75.0 . A plane starts from rest and accelerates at a steady rate of 1.25 . Which of the following correctly states the minimum duration of taxiing, and the minimum length of the runway needed for the take off?
Duration of Taxiing | Length of the runway | |
---|---|---|
A. | ||
B. | ||
C. | ||
D. |
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Question 7
The graph shows the variation with time of the velocity of a car traveling along a straight and level road.
What time does it take for the car to travel a distance of from = 0?
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A.
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B.
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C.
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D.
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Question 8
The graph shows the variation of velocity with time of a car.
Which of the following can be deduced from the graph?
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I. Displacement II. Acceleration III. Change in velocity
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A. I only
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B. II only
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C. I and II only
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D. I, II and III
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Question 9
[Maximum mark: 8]
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Define distance. [1]
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An object moves in a straight line on a level road. The variation of the object's distance d with time t is shown on the graph below.
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Describe the motion of the object between and . [1]
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Calculate the instantaneous speed of the object at . [2]
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On the axes below, sketch a possible graph of the variation of velocity v of the object with time t. There is no need to add values to the axes. [2]
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Determine the direction of the change in momentum of the object during the motion. [2]
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Question 10
A projectile is fired at an angle above the horizontal on the surface of Moon. Which of the following statements is correct about its motion:
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A. The magnitude of the horizontal component of its velocity remains unchanged until it falls on the surface of the moon.
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B. The magnitude of the vertical component of its velocity remains unchanged until it falls on the surface of the moon.
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C. The magnitude of the horizontal component of its velocity decreases steadily until it falls on the surface of the moon.
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D. The magnitude of the vertical component of its velocity decreases steadily until it falls on the surface of the moon.
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Question 11
A football player kicks a ball initially at rest. The ball reaches a speed of in a time of . Which of the following is the acceleration of the ball in terms of the gravitational acceleration, ?
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A. 0.2
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B. 0.5
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C. 2
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D. 7
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Question 12
A projectile is fired with a launch angle above the horizontal and an initial velocity of 40 m s towards a cliff that rises 300 m above the plane of projection. The cliff is 120 m from the launch point.
Assuming that air resistance has no effect on the motion, then the time of flight taken by the projectile to reach the cliff is given by
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A. s
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B. s
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C.
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D.
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Question 13
A cargo container is released from an airplane. A parachute is opened remotely a few seconds later to land it safely. Which graph shows the variation of the vertical acceleration with time for the cargo container from when it leaves the plane until landing?
A. | B. | |||
C. | D. | |||
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Question 14
A student throws a ball with an initial velocity in the horizontal direction. Air resistance is negligible. At , the ball has travelled a distance in the horizontal direction and a distance in the vertical direction.
What are the horizontal and vertical distances covered at , in terms of and ?
Horizontal distance | Vertical distance | |
---|---|---|
A. | ||
B. | ||
C. | ||
D. |
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Question 15
The graph below shows the variation of velocity of an object with time .
Which of the following graphs shows how the displacement of the object, varies with ?
A. | B. | |||
C. | D. | |||
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Question 16
[Maximum mark: 13]
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Define acceleration. [1]
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A car is moving on a straight road. The variation of the car's velocity with time is seen in the graph below.
Describe, in terms of acceleration, the motion of the car. [2]
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A truck with a speed of 20 passes by a stationary car. The car starts to move with an acceleration of 4 just as the truck goes past. Both of the vehicles move in the same direction.
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Show that the time needed for the car to overtake the truck is 10 . [3]
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On the graph below, draw the variation in speed of both vehicles with time during the first 10 seconds of the motion and comment about the areas under the graphs without calculation. [4]
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In an accident scene, skid marks of a car stretching 100 m are found. According to the manufacturer of the car’s tires, the deceleration that the car experiences with skidding tires is 5 .
Determine whether the car exceeded the speed limit of 72 . [4]
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Question 17
A small object is fired horizontally at a speed of 300 m s from the top of a building. Air resistance is negligible. The object lands 900 m from the base of the building. What is the height of the building?
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A. 15 m
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B. 34 m
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C. 44 m
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D. 88 m
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Question 18
[Maximum mark: 9]
The graph shows how the speed v of a car varies with time t.
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State the difference between average and instantaneous accelerations. [2]
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Calculate the instantaneous acceleration of the car at . [2]
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Determine, with explanation, whether the car covers more distance before or after the car reaches a constant speed. [5]
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Question 19
An object is moving in a straight line. The graph shows the variation of the velocity of the object with time .
Which of the following is correct according to the graph?
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I. At point A, the object changes its direction. II. At point C the object is at rest. III. The magnitude of the acceleration at point D is greater than at point B.
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A. I only
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B. II only
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C. I and II only
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D. II and III only
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Question 20
The position of a body is located with a motion detector at constant time intervals.
The distance between two successive positions of the body is given in terms of a constant . Which of the following graphs could be the variation of velocity of the body with time t?
A. | B. | |||
C. | D. | |||
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Question 21
The variation of displacement of a trolley with time is shown on the graph below.
The magnitudes of the instantaneous velocities of the trolley at times and are and respectively. Which of the following correctly compares the instantaneous velocities with the magnitude of the average velocity of the trolley for the whole of the motion shown?
A. | Greater than the average velocity | Greater than the average velocity |
B. | Greater than the average velocity | Less than the average velocity |
C. | Less than the average velocity | Greater than the average velocity |
D. | Less than the average velocity | Less than the average velocity |
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Question 22
A ball is released from rest and falls vertically for 3 seconds on Earth. Air resistance is negligible. What is the average speed of the ball during the motion?
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A. 3
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B. 10
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C. 15
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D. 30
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Question 23
[Maximum mark: 11]
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State the difference between distance and displacement. [2]
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A dart player throws a dart horizontally with the speed of to hit a dartboard. The vertical displacement of the dart is . Air resistance is negligible.
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Show that the time taken for the dart to reach the centre of the dartboard is approximately 0.3 s. [2]
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Calculate the angle to the horizontal, in degrees, of the velocity of the dart as it hits the dartboard. [3]
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Determine the displacement of the dart. [2]
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On the axes below, sketch how the square of the velocity of the dart varies with the square of time . [2]
(no need to add values on the axes)
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Question 24
[Maximum mark: 8]
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Define displacement. [1]
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A table tennis ball is thrown horizontally from the top of a building. The variation of the ball's horizontal displacement with time is shown on the graph below.
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State which quantity is given by the gradient of the tangent to the graph at any time during the motion. [1]
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On the graph below, sketch the expected variation of horizontal displacement with time when air resistance is ignored. The original curve is given as a dashed line. [2]
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A stone is then launched with a horizontal speed of from a height of above the ground.
Determine the magnitude of the displacement of the stone when it hits the ground if air resistance is considered to be negligible. [4]
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Question 25
A projectile is launched horizontally on Earth with initial speed of from a height of above the ground.
What is the magnitude of the displacement of the stone when it reaches the ground?
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A.
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B.
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C.
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D.
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Question 26
[Maximum mark: 12]
In an experiment, the free-fall of a ball bearing is used to measure the acceleration due to gravity. The ball bearing is suspended with an electromagnet. Then it is released from a height of above a table.
The time t needed for the ball bearing to reach the ground after release is measured. The experiment is repeated for different values of . The theoretically predicted relationship between time t and h is
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State why there is a need to collect data for a range of values of to verify this relationship. [1]
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The experimental data for and h are plotted on the graph below.
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Draw the line of best fit for the plotted data on the graph. [1]
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Suggest whether the data is consistent with the theoretical prediction. [2]
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By using the line of best fit, determine a value for g and state the units. [4]
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The theoretical relationship is for an object falling in a vacuum.
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Compare the experimental result to the accepted value of g and suggest a reason for the discrepancy. [2]
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State and explain whether the source of error in (c)(i) is a systematic or random error. [2]
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Question 27
The graph shows the variation of velocity of a ball with time .
The initial speed of the ball is very high. Which of the following statements could be true for the ball?
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A. It is thrown vertically upward in the presence of air resistance.
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B. It is thrown vertically upward in the absence of air resistance.
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C. It is thrown vertically downward in the presence of air resistance.
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D. It is thrown vertically downward in the absence of air resistance.
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Question 28
[Maximum mark: 9]
A ball of mass is dropped from a very high building. The only forces acting on the ball are the force of gravity and air resistance. The graph shows the variation of the vertical velocity of the ball with time .
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Define terminal speed. [1]
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State the terminal speed of the ball. [1]
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Estimate the vertical displacement of the ball during the of motion. [2]
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Calculate the instantaneous acceleration of the ball at [2]
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Determine the magnitude of the vertical component of the force of air resistance at [3]
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Question 29
An object is thrown vertically upwards at the edge of a cliff at height above the ground. When the object passes the edge of the cliff while falling downwards, a second, identical object is released from rest. Air resistance is negligible. What increases for the second object as the two objects fall?
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A. Acceleration
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B. Distance from the ground
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C. Velocity relative to the object released earlier
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D. Distance from the object released earlier
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Question 30
A car decelerates with a constant rate until it stops.
Which graph shows the variation of speed of the car with the distance travelled?
A. | B. | |||
C. | D. | |||
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Question 31
A body is moving in a straight line with a constant acceleration of . Its speed increases from to in a time of . Consider the folloing expressions:
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I. II. III.
Which expression(s) can be used to determine the displacement of the body during the time interval ?
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A. I only
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B. II only
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C. I and II only
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D. II, and III only
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Question 32
A car is moving on a horizontal road. The variation of velocity of a car with time can be seen in the graph below.
Which of the following graphs shows the variation of displacement of the car with time ?
A. | B. | |||
C. | D. | |||
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Question 33
A stone is thrown vertically upward in the presence of air resistance. Which of the following graphs best shows the variation of velocity of the stone with time until it reaches the maximum height above the ground?
A. | B. | |||
C. | D. | |||
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Question 34
An object is launched horizontally from a height in a vacuum. Which of the following graphs correctly shows how the square of the velocity of the object varies with the square of time ?
A. | B. | |||
C. | D. | |||
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Question 35
A train, initially at rest, accelerates steadily at . The distance travelled during each successive second, for the first five seconds of its motion, was recorded in meters. Which of the following correctly represents the distance covered in each successive second?
(Diagram is not to scale)
A. | |
B. | |
C. | |
D. |
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