All Questions for Topic 11 (Animal Physiology). 
          Antibody Production & Vaccination, Movement, The Kidney & Osmoregulation, Sexual Reproduction

Cell Biology

Topic 1 All

Stem Cells, Cell Theory & Microscopy

Ultrastructure of Eukaryotes & Prokaryotes

Membrane Structure

Membrane Transport

The Origin of Cells

Cell Division

Functions of Life, Cell Theory & Exceptions, Differentiation, Stem Cells, SA:V, Magnification, Stargardt's Disease

Stem Cells, Cell Theory, & Microscopy

Cell Ultrastructure, Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic cells, Functions of Organelles, Binary Fission, Micrographs, Microscopes

Plasma Membrane Structure & Function, Amphipathic Properties, Cholesterol, Davson-Danielli & Singer-Nicolson models

Osmosis, Passive & Active Transport, Endocytosis, Exocytosis, Sodium/Potassium pump, Osmolarity Experiments

Origin of Cells, Universal code, Endosymbiotic theory, Pasteur and Spontaneous Generation

Mitosis, Interphase, Cytokinesis, Cyclins, Supercoiling, Mutagens & Oncogenes, Smoking & Cancer, Mitotic Index

Molecular Biology

Topic 2 All

Molecules to Metabolism

Water

Carbohydrates & Lipids

Proteins

Enzymes

Structure of DNA & RNA

DNA Replication, Transcription & Translation

Cell Respiration

Photosynthesis

Carbon Tetravalency, Biomolecules, Metabolism, Anabolism, Catabolism, Hydrolysis of Macromolecules, Monomers & Polymers

Polarity, Hydrogen Bonding, Adhesion, Cohesion, Thermal Properties, Hydrophilic & Hydrophobic, Transport of Substances

Carbohydrate & Lipid Structures & Functions, Condensation & Hydrolysis, BMI, Nomograms, Lipids & Health, Energy Storage

Carbohydrates & Lipids 

Protein Structure & Functions, Peptide Bond, Condensation & Hydrolysis, pH and Temperature, Proteomics

Enzyme Structure & Function, Active Site, Enzyme Activity Experiments, Denaturation, Immobilization, Lactose-Free Milk

DNA & RNA Structure, Complementarity, Watson & Crick, Nucleotide structure, Antiparallel nature

Replication, Complementarity, Transcription, Translation, Codons, Meselson & Stahl, Taq Polymerase, Genetic Code

DNA Replication, Transcription, & Translation

Aerobic & Anaerobic Respiration, ATP, Lactic Acid Fermentation, Alcohol Fermentation, Respirometer Experiments

Light, Pigments, Photosynthesis, Photolysis, Chromatography, Limiting Factors Experiment, Absorption & Action Spectrum

Genetics

Topic 3 All

Genes, Alleles & Genome

Chromosomes

Meiosis

Inheritance

Genetic Modification & Biotechnology

Genes, Locus, Alleles, Mutation, Genome, Human Genome Project, Sickle Cell Anaemia, Genbank

Genes, Alleles, and Genomes

Plasmid, Histone, Homologous, Haploid & Diploid, Karyotype, Autosomes & Sex Chromosomes, Autoradiography, Down, BLAST

Crossing Over, Meiosis I & II, Gametes, Genetic Variation, Non-Disjunction, Chorionic Villi Sampling, Amniocentesis

Mendel, Zygote, Dominant & Recessive, Co-dominant, Diseases, Sex-linkage, Mutagens, ABO groups, Punnett Grid, Pedigree

Gel Electrophoresis, PCR, DNA Profiling, Cloning, Genetic Modification, GMO, Rooting Experiment, Bt Crops

Ecology

Topic 4 All

Species, Communities & Ecosystems

Energy Flow

Carbon Cycling

Climate Change

Populations, Autotroph & Heterotroph, Consumer, Detritivore & Saprotroph, Mesocosm, Chi-squared Test, Quadrat Sampling

Species, Communities, and Ecosystems

Light Energy, Chemical Energy, Biomass, Energy Loss, Trophic Levels, Pyramid of Energy, Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling

Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Cycle, Methane, Peat, Coal, Oil & Gas, Fossils, Corals, Limestone, Air Monitoring, Carbon Fluxes

Greenhouse Gases, Long-Wave Radiation, Global Temperature & Climate, Coral Reefs, the Precautionary Principle

Evolution & Biodiversity

Topic 5 All

Evidence for Evolution

Natural Selection

Classification & Biodiversity

Cladistics

Fossil Record, Selective Breeding, Homologous Structures, Gradual Divergence, Continuous Variation, Melanism

Natural Selection, Sources of Variation, Adaptations, Finches, Antibiotic Resistance

Binomial System, Taxonomy, Domains, Kingdoms, Reclassification, Plant & Animal Phyla, Chordata Classes, Dichotomous Key

Clade, Cladograms, Analogous & Homologous Traits, Figwort Reclassification

Human Physiology

Topic 6 All

Digestive System

Circulatory System

Immune System

Respiratory System

Neuronal System

Endocrine & Reproductive Systems

Peristalsis, Villi, Nutrient Absorption, Digestion of Starch, Dialysis Tubing, Digestive System Anatomy, Enzymes

Arteries, Veins, Capillaries, Pressure, Pacemaker, Heart Structure & Regulation, Harvey, Cardiac Cycle, Occlusion

Pathogens, Blood Clotting, Antibodies, Antigens, Antibiotics, Florey & Chain's Experiment, HIV, Phagocytes, Lymphocytes

Gas Exchange, Respiratory Anatomy, Pneumocytes, Diaphragm, Intercostal Muscles, Lung Cancer, Emphysema, Spirometer

Threshold, Action & Resting Potentials, Neurons, Myelination, Synapses, Neurotransmitters, Neonicotinoids, Oscilloscopes

Glands, Insulin, Glucagon, Thyroxin, Leptin, Melatonin, Sex Hormones & Menstrual Cycle, Diabetes, IVF, Anatomy, Harvey

Nucleic Acids

Topic 7 All

Details of DNA Structure & Replication

Details of Transcription & Gene Expression

Details of Translation

Nucleosome, Replication Enzymes, Non-Coding DNA, X-Ray Diffraction, Franklin & Wilkins, Sequencing, Hershey & Chase

Epigenetics, mRNA Modification, Splicing, Gene Expression, Promoter, Methylation & Acetylation

Initiation, Elongation, Termination, Free & Bound Ribosomes, Levels of Protein Structure, t-RNA Activating Enzyme

Metabolism, Cell Respiration & Photosynthesis

Control of Metabolism

Details of Cell Respiration

Details of Photosynthesis

Pathways, Activation Energy, End-Product, Competitive & Non-Competitive Inhibition, Anti-Malarials, Rate of Reaction

Oxidation & Reduction, E-carriers, Glycolysis, Link Reaction, Krebs cycle, ETC, ATP Synthesis, Mitochondrion, Tomography

Light-Dependent/Independent Reactions, Photosystem I & II, Photolysis, ATP Synthesis, Chloroplast, NADP, Rubisco, Calvin

Plant Biology

Topic 9 All

Transport in the Xylem of Plants

Transport in the Phloem of Plants

Growth in Plants

Reproduction in Plants

Gas Exchange, Xylem Structure, Mineral & Water Uptake, Desert & Halophyte Plants, Potometer, Transpiration Experiments

Sources & Sinks, Hydrostatic Pressure, Phloem Structure, Aphid experiments

Meristem, Shoot Apex, Auxin, Phototropism, Micropropagation

Control of Flowering, Pollination & Seed Dispersal, Short- & Long-day Plants, Seed & Flower Structures, Germination

Genetics & Evolution

Topic 10 All

Causes of Variation in Meiosis

Dihybrid Crosses & Linked Genes

Gene Pools & Speciation

Crossing Over, Chiasmata, Independent Assortment, Random Orientation

Linked Genes, Discrete & Continuous Variation, Polygenic Traits, Chi-squared, Morgan, Dihybrid Crosses, Recombinants

Allele Frequency, Selection Types, Reproductive Isolation, Speciation, Gradualism & Punctuated Equilibrium, Polyploidy

Animal Physiology

Topic 11 All

Antibody Production & Vaccination

Movement

The Kidney & Osmoregulation

Sexual Reproduction

Lymphocyte, Memory & Plasma Cells, Histamine, Vaccine, Monoclonal Antibodies, Jenner, Blood Compatibility, Epidemiology 

Joints, Antagonistic Pairs, Muscle Fibres, Myofibrils, Sarcomeres, Actin & Myosin, Sliding Filament Theory, Insect Leg

Osmoregulators & Osmoconformers, Malpighian system, Nephron, Nitrogenous Wastes, Control of Function, Kidney Structure

Spermatogenesis, Oogenesis, Fertilization, Implantation, HCG, Placenta, Oxytocin, Sperm & Egg Structures

Ecology & Conservation

Distribution of Species, Keystone Species, Position in Community, Interactions, Competition within the Habitat

Species & Communities

Trophic Levels, Food Chains & Webs, Energy to Biomass, Climate & Disturbance Impact on Ecosystems, Closed Ecosystems

Communities & Ecosystems

Alien & Invasive Species, Biomagnification of Pollutants, Micro- and Macroplastics in Oceans

Impacts of Humans on Ecosystems

Uses of Indicator Species, Conservation, Factors Affecting Biodiversity, Components of Biodiversity

Conservation of Biodiversity

Sampling Techniques, Growth Curve & Carrying Capacity of Populations, Limiting Factors

Population Ecology

Role of Bacteria in the Nitrogen Cycle, Agriculture and the Phosphorus Cycle, N vs P Cycle, Eutrophication

Nitrogen & Phosphorus Cycles

Data-based, Practical-based, and Extended Response Questions

Data-based Questions

Practical-based Questions

Extended Response Questions On All Topics

Extended Response Questions

IB Biology HL - 2024 - Questionbank

Topic 11 All - Animal Physiology

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Topic 11 All - Animal Physiology

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IB Biology HL - 2024 - QuestionbankTopic 11 All - Animal Physiology