IB History HL - 2028
Questionbank

FS1 Climate & Innovation All

All Questions in FS1 Climate & Innovation Aztec Empire

What factors prompted Aztec innovation?

Triple Alliance and founding of the empire, imperial reforms including the Flower Wars, role of Moctezuma I

How did climate conditions shape Aztec innovation?

Environmental conditions in the Mexican basin, importance of water resources, drought and famine of One Rabbit

What Aztec innovations took place?

Urban planning in Tenochtitlán, food production using chinampas, expansion and annexation of Totonacapan

FS2 Independence & Identity All

All Questions in FS2 Independence & Identity Kenyan Independence

What prompted the emergence of the Kenyan independence?

British colonial rule, resistance of the Kenya African Union (KAU), influence of the Second World War

How did Kenya achieve independence?

Mau Mau Uprising 1952–60, Lancaster House Conference, self-government and multi-party politics, Jomo Kenyatta

How did Kenya structure its new government and what challenges did it face?

1963 Independence Constitution, drift to one-party rule, education and cultural diversity policy, land reforms

FS3 Political & Economic Transitions All

All Questions in FS3 Political & Economic Transitions Russian Federation

What caused the transition in the Russian Federation?

Role of the Communist Party, stagnation and failed economic reform, challenges to communism in Eastern Europe

How did the Russian Federation achieve its transition?

Roles of Gorbachev and Yeltsin, the 1993 Constitution, privatization, market liberalization and tax reforms

What challenges did the Russian Federation face after transition?

1991 hardline coup, 1993 constitutional crisis, labour strikes and organized crime, First Chechen War 1994–96

FS4 Conflict & Displacement All

All Questions in FS4 Conflict & Displacement Indochina Refugee Crisis

What caused displacement in Indochina after 1975?

Combat operations and Communist victory, persecution and fear of reprisals, economic factors driving flight

What were the national and international responses to displacement in Indochina?

DP camps, migration and repatriation, US and Vietnamese government roles, UNHCR and 1979 Orderly Departure Program

How was displacement experienced by different groups in Indochina?

Vietnamese including Hoa, Montagnard, Hmong and Chams; Cambodians fleeing the Khmer Rouge; Laotians & highlanders

FS5 Protest & Change All

All Questions in FS5 Protest & Change Revolution in Tunisia

What led to the emergence of the revolution in Tunisia?

Repression and censorship under Ben Ali, failed economic reform and unemployment, spread of revolutionary ideas

How did the revolution in Tunisia challenge authority?

The December Revolution, rise of Ennahda Party and Nidaa Tounes, role of social media in mobilization

What changes did the revolution in Tunisia achieve and how were they limited?

Ousting of Ben Ali, 2014 Constitution, social changes incl. youth radicalization and terrorism, role of women

TS1 Conflict All

All Questions in TS1 Conflict First World War

What caused the First World War?

Militarism, alliances, imperialism, nationalism, Balkan tensions, July Crisis and assassination at Sarajevo

What factors determined the outcome of the First World War?

Trench stalemate, new technology, naval blockade, US entry, mobilization, Russian collapse, Hundred Days

How was peace established after the First World War?

Treaty of Versailles, League of Nations, redrawn borders, reparations, mandates, economic and social dislocation

How did the First World War affect people's lives?

Mass casualties, civilian suffering, women in war work, propaganda, rationing, total war on home fronts

TS1 Conflict All

All Questions in TS1 Conflict Cuban War of Independence

What caused the Cuban War of Independence?

Spanish colonial rule, economic grievances, nationalism, José Martí's vision, prior failed revolts, US interest

What factors determined the outcome of the Cuban War of Independence?

Guerrilla warfare, Spanish reconcentration policy, leadership of Gómez and Maceo, 1898 US intervention

How did the Cuban War of Independence affect people's lives?

Reconcentration camps, plantation devastation, famine and disease, displacement, mobilization of Cubans

How was peace established after the Cuban War of Independence?

Treaty of Paris 1898, end of Spanish rule, US military occupation, Platt Amendment, contested independence

TS1 Conflict All

All Questions in TS1 Conflict Rwandan Civil War

What caused the Rwandan Civil War?

Colonial Hutu-Tutsi divisions, economic crisis, refugee politics, RPF invasion 1990, Habyarimana regime

What factors determined the outcome of the Rwandan Civil War?

RPF discipline, government militias, Arusha breakdown, France's role, mass killing

How did the Rwandan Civil War affect people's lives?

1994 Tutsi genocide, mass violence, refugee crises, RTLM propaganda and targeting

How was peace established after the Rwandan Civil War?

Arusha Accords, RPF victory, ICTR tribunal, gacaca courts, reconciliation, refugee returns, lasting tensions

TS1 Conflict All

All Questions in TS1 Conflict Kosovo War

What caused the Kosovo War?

Yugoslav breakup, Albanian-Serbian tensions, Milošević's policies, KLA insurgency, end of autonomy

What factors determined the outcome of the Kosovo War?

KLA insurgency, Serbian counterinsurgency, NATO 1999 bombing campaign, ethnic cleansing operations

How did the Kosovo War affect people's lives?

Ethnic cleansing of Albanians, mass refugee flows, civilian casualties, destruction of villages, trauma

How was peace established after the Kosovo War?

Kumanovo Agreement 1999, UNMIK administration, KFOR, 2008 independence declaration, recognition disputes

TS3 Authoritarian Rule All

All Questions in TS3 Authoritarian Rule China and Mao

Why did authoritarian rule emerge in China?

Civil war victory 1949, weakness of KMT, peasant support, CCP organization, land reform consolidation

How was authoritarian rule maintained in China?

Cult of personality, mass campaigns, purges, Hundred Flowers, anti-rightist drive, Cultural Revolution

How did authoritarian rule affect people's lives in China?

Collectivization, Great Leap Forward famine, Cultural Revolution chaos, women's reforms, minority policies

How was authoritarian rule challenged in China?

Hundred Flowers critics, Liu Shaoqi and Deng rivals, 1976 Tiananmen incident, peasant resistance

TS4 Popular Movements All

All Questions in TS4 Popular Movements Anti-Apartheid Movement - South Africa

Why did the anti-Apartheid movement emerge in South Africa?

1948 apartheid laws, pass laws, ANC and PAC mobilization, Defiance Campaign, Sharpeville turning point

How did the anti-Apartheid movement in South Africa create change?

Mandela's leadership, MK armed struggle, township uprisings, international sanctions, de Klerk talks

How was the anti-Apartheid movement in South Africa challenged?

Bannings, Sharpeville, Soweto Uprising, states of emergency, Bantustan policy, security crackdowns

What were the impacts of the anti-Apartheid movement in South Africa?

1994 elections, Mandela presidency, Truth and Reconciliation Commission, end of apartheid, ongoing inequality

TS4 Popular Movements All

All Questions in TS4 Popular Movements Indian Independence

Why did the movement for Indian independence emerge?

1857 Rebellion legacy, INC founding 1885, partition of Bengal, economic grievances, Gandhi's return

How did the movement for Indian independence create change?

Satyagraha, Salt March, Non-Cooperation, Quit India, Muslim League, Nehru and Jinnah leadership

How was the movement for Indian independence challenged?

British repression, Amritsar massacre, communal violence, Muslim-Hindu divisions, internal disputes

What were the impacts of the movement for Indian independence?

1947 independence, Partition and refugees, creation of Pakistan, Constitution, princely state integration

Americas 8 All

All Questions in Americas 8 Emergence of the Americas in Global Affairs (1880–1945)

Reasons for US Expansionist Foreign Policy

Political, economic and social factors and the role of ideology in US expansionist foreign policy

Impact of US Expansionist Foreign Policy

Spanish-American War 1898, Roosevelt Corollary and big-stick diplomacy, dollar diplomacy, moral diplomacy

Changing Role of the USA

WWI entry, Wilson's peace ideals and rejection of the League, Good Neighbor Policy, WWII entry and the atomic bomb

Changing Role of Other Countries in the Americas

WWI and WWII decisions on neutrality or participation, League of Nations involvement, economic and trading relations

Domestic Impacts of the First World War in the Americas

Economic, social and political impact; experiences of women and marginalized groups during the First World War

Domestic Impacts of the Second World War in the Americas

Economic, social and political impact; experiences of women and marginalized groups during the Second World War

Americas 10 All

All Questions in Americas 10 Political Developments in Latin America

Reasons for the Cuban Revolution

Political role of Batista, economic role of the USA, social factors, roles of Fidel Castro and Che Guevara

Maintenance of Power & Impact of Castro's Rule

Political, social (Cuban nationalism) and economic policies, treatment of opposition under Fidel Castro

Emerging Challenges in Latin America

Growth of populism, rise of guerrilla movements, crisis of democracy, rise of military dictatorship

Impact of Guerrilla Movements in Latin America

Social, political and economic impact of guerrilla movements, including the experiences of women

Impact of Military Dictatorships in Latin America

Social, political and economic factors and the suppression of opposition under military dictatorship

Reasons for the Emergence of Democratization in Latin America

Political, economic and social factors and the role of transitional justice in the emergence of democracy

Asia & Oceania 6 All

All Questions in Asia & Oceania 6 Independence of India (1857–1964)

Reasons for the Emergence of Indian nationalism

1857 uprising, British policies 1858–1885, Jallianwala Bagh massacre 1919, impact of the First World War

Impact of Political Developments in the British Raj

Rise of INC, Partition of Bengal and Muslim League, Government of India Acts 1919/1935, Round Table Conferences

Methods Used to Achieve Indian independence

Non-cooperation and civil disobedience, the 1930 Salt March, Quit India Movement, political negotiations

Leaders and their Importance in the Independence Movement

Roles of Mohandas Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Subhas Chandra Bose

Reasons for, and Impact of, the Partition of India

Two-Nation theory, Lahore Resolution 1940, Cabinet Mission Plan and Mountbatten, mass migration and violence

Challenges in Post-Independence India

Nehru's nation-building, ethnic and religious conflict, integration of Junagadh, Hyderabad and Kashmir, foreign policy

Asia and Oceania 12 All

All Questions in Asia and Oceania 12 The People’s Republic of China (1949–2020)

Mao's Consolidation and Maintenance of Power (1949-1976)

Control of CCP and PLA, Hundred Flowers, Three- and Five-Antis, Cultural Revolution, cult of personality

Transformations and Challenges under Mao (1949-1976)

Land Reform and First Five-Year Plan, Great Leap Forward, 1950 Marriage Law, education, healthcare and religion

Foreign Policy Successes and Failures under Mao (1949-1976)

Korean War, 1961 Sino-Soviet split, Sino-Indian War 1962, ping-pong diplomacy and US relations

Impact of Political Developments (1976-2020)

Hua Guofeng and Deng Xiaoping, Tiananmen 1989, Jiang Zemin and Three Represents, rise and rule of Xi Jinping

Transformations and Challenges (1976-2020)

Four Modernizations and Opening Up, WTO entry, rural-urban divide and migration, one-child population policy

Foreign Policy Successes and Failures (1976-2020)

Changing regional relations, USSR and Russia relations, US relations, Belt and Road Initiative from 2013

Europe 7 All

All Questions in Europe 7 The Russian Revolution

Impact of the Policies of Alexander II, Alexander III, and Nicholas II

Social reform, economic modernization, Tsarist repression and the growth of opposition under three Tsars

Causes and Impact of the 1905 Revolution

Role of ideas, social and economic factors, Russo-Japanese War, October Manifesto and Fundamental Laws

Impact of the Policies of Repression and Reform (1905-1917)

The Dumas, agrarian and industrial reform, the Okhrana and political violence, Pyotr Stolypin

Reasons for the October/November Revolutions and the Rise of the Bolsheviks

Impact of WWI, February Revolution and Dual Power, Provisional Government failures, Lenin and Trotsky

Survival and Consolidation of Bolshevik Rule

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, Russian Civil War 1917–22, terror and coercion, War Communism and the NEP

Impact of Bolshevik Rule (to 1924)

Social policies including religion, experiences of women, marginalized groups and different classes

Europe 9 All

All Questions in Europe 9 Europe and the Second World War (1918–1949)

Successes & Challenges of the League of Nations in Europe

Aims and structure, 1920s disputes (Åland, Vilna, Corfu), collective security and disarmament, Abyssinia 1935

Reasons for the Second World War in Europe

Italian and German foreign policies, appeasement, Chamberlain and Munich, Allied policies, Nazi-Soviet Pact, Poland

Reasons for Axis Defeat & Allied Victory (to 1945)

Wartime alliance UK/USA/USSR, economic factors, strategic and military factors, Axis and Allied strengths

Impact of the Second World War on European Countries (to 1949)

Social, economic and political impact, experiences of women and marginalized groups in one European country

Reasons for Persecution & Murder of Marginalized Groups in Nazi-occupied Europe during the Second World War

Ideology, military invasions and Einsatzgruppen, Nazi leaders and Wannsee 1942, collaboration in occupied Europe

Responses to Persecution & Murder of Marginalized Groups in Nazi-occupied Europe during the Second World War (to 1949)

Individual resistance, collective resistance and solidarity, level of international response, Nuremberg trials